Category: diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus is Chronic disorder of metabolism It consists of a higher than normal level of sugar (glucose) in the blood, due to a defect in hormone production Insulin From the pancreas or because the body's cells do not respond properly to this hormone.

Types of diabetes

1. Type 1 Diabetes

   • It occurs as a result of immune destruction of the pancreatic cells responsible for producing insulin.

   • It often appears in childhood or young adulthood.

   • The patient needs external insulin permanently.

2. Type 2 Diabetes

   • Most common.

   • It results from the body's resistance to the effects of insulin or its lack of secretion over time.

   • It is often associated with being overweight, lack of physical activity, and genetic factors.

3. Gestational diabetes

   • It appears in some women during pregnancy due to hormonal changes.

   • It may disappear after birth but increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.

Common symptoms

• Extreme thirst and frequent urination.

• Constant hunger.

• Unexplained weight loss or gain.

• Fatigue and exhaustion.

• Slow wound healing and frequent infections.

• Blurred vision.

Possible complications (if untreated)

• Cardiovascular diseases.

• Kidney damage (kidney failure).

• Neuropathy.

• Retinopathy and vision loss.

• Diabetic foot.

Treatment and disease management

• Type I: Insulin + healthy diet + regular follow-up.

• Type II: Lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity, weight loss) + oral medications, and sometimes insulin.

• Gestational diabetes: Monitoring blood sugar, a special diet, and in some cases insulin.