Over the past three decades, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed varying rates of prevalence of asthma among its children, with rates ranging between 8% and 25%, according to statistics from the Saudi Asthma Initiative.

In general, asthma affects approximately 2 million people, and these rates are relatively high compared to other countries, which calls for intensified efforts to prevent and treat this disease.

What is asthma?

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that affects the airways, the tubes responsible for transporting oxygen in and out of the lungs.

This inflammation and constriction may lead to various symptoms, including wheezing and shortness of breath, but is every feeling of shortness of breath asthma?

What are the symptoms of asthma?

Asthma symptoms can vary from person to person, but some common signs to look out for include:

• Inhale: A whistling sound or obvious discomfort while breathing.
• السعال: Especially at night or early in the morning.
• ضيق التنفس: Feeling unable to breathe deeply or normally.
• sinking: A feeling of pressure or discomfort in the chest.

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These symptoms range from mild to severe, and may occur intermittently or permanently. 

During an asthma attack, these symptoms can worsen significantly.

• Wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness become severe and persistent.
• Severe shortness of breath when eating, talking or sleeping.
• Breathe faster.
• Rapid pulse.
• Drowsiness, confusion, fatigue or dizziness.
• Blue lips or fingers.

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The main difference between asthma and shortness of breath is that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes recurring symptoms, while shortness of breath is a symptom that can have various underlying causes, including but not limited to asthma.

The combination of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath is more specific to asthma.

Book your consultation now at عیادة أمراض الجهاز التنفسي At Al Mousa Specialist Hospital.

What are the causes of asthma?

The exact cause of asthma is still unknown, but researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development.

Environmental factors can trigger or worsen asthma symptoms as well.

• Pollen.
• Mold fungus. 
• Chemicals. 
• Some foods.

Other triggers also include respiratory infections, exposure to cold air, exercise, stress, and some medications.

How do I know that I have asthma?

If you or your child have unexplained respiratory symptoms, you must undergo diagnostic tests, such as:

• SpirometryThis test measures the amount of air you can inhale, as well as how fast you breathe.
• Peak expiratory flow test: This test measures the arrival of air from the lungs.
• Allergy test: If allergies are suspected to be a trigger for your asthma symptoms, your doctor may recommend allergy testing;
• Chest x-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan: These imaging tests may be ordered to rule out other lung disorders or to evaluate the severity of asthma in some cases.

The doctor confirms the diagnosis based on a clinical examination and questions about symptoms and genetic predisposition, and then resorts to one or more of the aforementioned diagnostic tests that help him make an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Asthma treatment

Asthma medications help treat and control asthma symptoms. 

• Asthma attack medications: These medications provide immediate relief during asthma attacks.
• Preventive medications: These medications are used regularly to reduce bronchial inflammation and prevent asthma symptoms, and are usually used for those with persistent asthma and include inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta2 (β2) receptor agonists (LABAs), and leukotriene modulators.

Which medications are prescribed depends on the severity and frequency of symptoms, as well as your individual response to different medications.

Learn more about: Asthma treatment

Asthma inhaler and its types

Asthma inhalers are devices that deliver medication directly into the airways, providing targeted treatment for asthma symptoms.

• Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs): These devices provide a specific dose of medication in the form of a spray.
• Dry powder inhalers (DPIs): These devices provide the medication in powder form.
• Fine mist inhalers (SMIs): These devices deliver medication in the form of a small-particle spray, and are suitable for individuals who have difficulty using metered vaporizers or other inhalers.

Following the correct inhalation technique is essential for effective delivery of the medication.

What are the ways to prevent asthma?

In addition to medications, there are many non-drug treatments and lifestyle modifications that can help control asthma symptoms, including:

• Avoid triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers that make symptoms worse can significantly reduce asthma attacks.
• Reduce exposure to allergens.
• Quit smoking.
• Improve the air quality at home, maintain a healthy sitting environment.
• Use bedding and beds that are free of allergens.
• Avoid outdoor activities during high pollen count days.
• Breathing exercises: Techniques such as pursed lip breathing and deep diaphragmatic breathing can help improve lung function and control shortness of breath during asthma attacks.
• Take steps to reduce stress, as stress can trigger or worsen asthma symptoms in some individuals.

Understanding your condition, recognizing early warning signs of asthma attacks, and developing a sustainable asthma treatment plan may enable you to manage your symptoms more effectively.

Asthma, a chronic disease that takes its toll on the health of the respiratory system, does not necessarily mean giving up your daily activities and staying at home. Thanks to appropriate treatments and prevention, asthma patients can enjoy a normal life full of activity and comfort.